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Film Diary

Jonathan Rosenbaum's
1000 Essential Films

A personal annotated record of canonical cinema, drawn from Jonathan Rosenbaum's list published in Essential Cinema: On the Necessity of Film Canons (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004). The list reflects "a period of peak cinephilia" in Rosenbaum's life through the 2000s, enabled by internet access and DVD availability, and shaped by historical, cultural, and industrial factors affecting how films survive and circulate.

This is a living document and a teaching resource. A curated Top 100 is available below; the full decade-by-decade catalogue is in progress.

A Personal Note

On Jonathan Rosenbaum

I discovered Jonathan Rosenbaum's film criticism in 2002 through a link on Roger Ebert's website while teaching in China. The first piece I read was his review of Fargo — a direct challenge to everything I'd believed about a film I'd idolized in college. Rosenbaum described how the Coens combine their "usual derisive amusement toward their characters," emphasizing a pointlessness in their worldview that hadn't occurred to me. Somehow his reading made complete sense.

For the next five years, Rosenbaum was the most influential critic on my thinking about cinema. Three essays in particular changed how I understood film: his writing on Breaking the Waves, which made me envision filmmakers rigorous enough to challenge their own assumptions; his piece on The Thin Red Line, which gave me a framework for exploring silent cinema with new appreciation; and his demolition of the AFI's 100 Greatest Movies, which illuminated what forces actually shape cinematic taste.

When I began to disagree with him — on Far from Heaven, Mystic River, The Fog of War — I understood those disagreements as a measure of how much he'd strengthened my critical thinking. His 1000 Essential Films, drawn from Essential Cinema: On the Necessity of Film Canons (Johns Hopkins, 2004), remains a model for how a cinephile might think about the full range of what cinema has been.

Rosenbaum in His Own Words

Q&A on the List

Selected exchanges from Rosenbaum's public Q&A about the Essential Films project.

On Sight & Sound vs. the AFI: "Sight and Sound knew how to get a representative sample of international critical thought. The AFI seemed concerned almost exclusively with market issues."

On the limits of availability: "Market forces — determining what gets released, reviewed, distributed — are wrongly perceived as 'natural' reflections of public desire."

On American critical culture: "American culture is passionately anti-intellectual."

On why there are no notes per film: "It's a list of personal favorites — nothing more."

On Casablanca's absence: "I do like Casablanca. It just isn't one of my 1000 favorite films."

Curated Selection

Top 100

A curated selection from the full 1000 — the films Rosenbaum considers the most essential of the essential.

1
Le Tunnel sous la Manche
Méliès
2
Les Vampires
Feuillade
3
Tih Minh
Feuillade
4
Foolish Wives
Stroheim
5
Greed
Stroheim
6
Die Nibelungen
Lang
7
Sunrise
Murnau
8
The Docks of New York
Sternberg
9
Spione
Lang
10
Arsenal
Dovzhenko
11
Lonesome
Fejos
12
City Lights
Chaplin
13
M
Lang
14
La Nuit du Carrefour
Renoir
15
Ivan
Dovzhenko
16
I Was Born, but…
Ozu
17
Love Me Tonight
Mamoulian
18
Hallelujah, I'm a Bum
Milestone
19
Sylvia Scarlett
Cukor
20
Make Way for Tomorrow
McCarey
21
La Règle du Jeu
Renoir
22
Story of the Late Chrysanthemums
Mizoguchi
23
Christmas in July
Sturges
24
Citizen Kane
Welles
25
The Magnificent Ambersons
Welles
26
Day of Wrath
Dreyer
27
Heaven Can Wait
Lubitsch
28
The Seventh Victim
Robson
29
Ivan the Terrible 1+2
Eisenstein
30
The Best Years of Our Lives
Wyler
31
Monsieur Verdoux
Chaplin
32
Spring in a Small Town
Fei Mu
33
Stars in My Crown
Tourneur
34
The Steel Helmet
Fuller
35
The Big Sky
Hawks
36
Othello
Welles
37
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
Hawks
38
The Naked Spur
Mann
39
The Sun Shines Bright
Ford
40
Johnny Guitar
N. Ray
41
Rear Window
Hitchcock
42
The Saga of Anatahan
Sternberg
43
Sansho the Bailiff
Mizoguchi
44
Track of the Cat
Wellman
45
Ordet
Dreyer
46
Guys and Dolls
Mankiewicz
47
The Killing
Kubrick
48
A Man Escaped
Bresson
49
India
Rossellini
50
Breathless
Godard
51
Hiroshima mon Amour
Resnais
52
Rio Bravo
Hawks
53
The Tiger of Eschnapur / The Indian Tomb
Lang
54
Cloud-Capped Star
Ghatak
55
Shadows
Cassavetes
56
Last Year at Marienbad
Resnais
57
A Wife Confesses
Masumura
58
Eclipse
Antonioni
59
The House is Black
Farrokhzad
60
Gertrud
Dreyer
61
Au Hasard Balthazar
Bresson
62
Black Girl
Sembène
63
Playtime
Tati
64
The Young Girls of Rochefort
Demy
65
L'Amour Fou
Rivette
66
Out 1
Rivette
67
La Région Centrale
Snow
68
Avanti
Wilder
69
Out 1: Spectre
Rivette
70
F for Fake
Welles
71
Parade
Tati
72
Céline and Julie Go Boating
Rivette
73
Barry Lyndon
Kubrick
74
Providence
Resnais
75
Doomed Love
Oliveira
76
Perceval le Gallois
Rohmer
77
Stalker
Tarkovsky
78
Orderly or Disorderly
Kiarostami
79
Too Early, Too Late
Straub & Huillet
80
Love Streams
Cassavetes
81
Manuel on the Island of Wonders
Ruiz
82
Mix-Up
Romand
83
Mélo
Resnais
84
Where is the Friend's House?
Kiarostami
85
Yeelen
Cissé
86
Distant Voices, Still Lives
Davies
87
A Tale of the Wind
Ivens
88
The Asthenic Syndrome
Muratova
89
Close-up
Kiarostami
90
Nouvelle Vague
Godard
91
Actress
Kwan
92
A Brighter Summer Day
Yang
93
The Puppetmaster
Hou
94
Sátántangó
Tarr
95
Dead Man
Jarmusch
96
When it Rains
Burnett
97
Inquiétude
Oliveira
98
The Wind Will Carry Us
Kiarostami
99
Platform
Jia Zhangke
100
A.I. Artificial Intelligence
Spielberg

Full List

The 1000 Films by Decade

The complete catalogue from Essential Cinema: On the Necessity of Film Canons (2004), organized by decade. Click each section to expand.

Note: the 1940s, 1950s, and 1970s decade pages are no longer available on the legacy site. See those decades at jonathanrosenbaum.net.

Silent Era1895–1929 · 104 films

1895

L'arrivée d'un train en Gare de la Ciotat
La Sortie des Usines Lumière

1907

Le Tunnel sous la Manche

1909

A Corner in Wheat

1912

Musketeers of Pig Alley

1913–14

Fantômas

1914

The Avenging Conscience
Child of the Big City
L'enfant de Paris
The Wishing Ring

1915–16

Les Vampires

1916

Carmen
Intolerance

1916–18

Judex

1917

One A.M.

1918

Tih Minh

1919

Barrabas
Broken Blossoms
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari
The Oyster Princess
True Heart Susie

1920

The Last of the Mohicans
The Parson's Widow
Die Puppe / The Doll

1921

Cops
Destiny
The Kid
Nanook of the North

1922

Dr. Mabuse
Foolish Wives
Nosferatu
Orphans of the Storm
Raskolnikov
Le souriante Madame Beudet

1923

The Covered Wagon
The Three Ages

1924

Ballet mécanique
Greed
L'inhumaine
Der letzte Mann / The Last Laugh
Michael
Die Nibelungen
Paris qui dort / The Crazy Ray
Peter Pan
Sherlock Jr.
Strike
The Thief of Bagdad

1925

The Big Parade
Chess Fever
The Gold Rush
Master of the House
The Merry Widow
Metropolis
Potemkin
Seven Chances
Tartuffe

1926

Dura lex / By the Law
Faust
Fig Leaves
Moana
Mother
A Page of Madness / A Crazy Page

1927

Un chapeau de paille d'Italie
Charleston
The General
La glace à trois faces
It
October
The Ring
Seventh Heaven
Sunrise

1928

L'argent
The Cameraman
Un chien andalou
La chute de la maison Usher
The Crowd
The Docks of New York
Leave 'em Laughing
La passion de Jeanne d'Arc
La petite marchande d'allumettes
Queen Kelly
Spione
Two Tars

1929

Arsenal
Black & Tan
Blackmail
Dynamite
The General Line
Hallelujah!
Lonesome
The Love Parade
The Man with a Movie Camera
The New Babylon
Thunderbolt
1930s94 films

1930

L'âge d'Or
All Quiet on the Western Front
The Blue Angel
Earth
Her Man
Laughter
Monte Carlo
Sous les toits de Paris
Tabu
That Night's Wife

1931

Blonde Crazy
The Champ
La chienne
City Lights
Dishonored
Enthusiasm
M
The Man I Killed
La nuit du carrefour
Philips Radio
The Struggle

1932

Boudu sauvé des eaux
Freaks
Horse Feathers
Las hurdes (Land Without Bread)
Ivan
I Was Born But…
Love Me Tonight
Marie, légende hongroise
The Mask of Fu Manchu
Me and My Gal
Million Dollar Legs
The Music Box
The Old Dark House
One Hour with You
Scarface
The Testament of Dr. Mabuse
Trouble in Paradise
Vampyr
Zéro de conduite

1933

The Bitter Tea of General Yen
Bombshell
Deserter
Duck Soup
The Great Consoler
Hallelujah, I'm a Bum
Hard to Handle
Man's Castle
Passing Fancy
Stoopnocracy
Topaze

1934

Angèle
L'atalante
The Black Cat
Cleopatra
The Gay Divorcee
Judge Priest
Our Daily Bread
The Scarlet Empress
La signora di tutti
Toni
Twentieth Century

1935

Aerograd / Frontier
Bride of Frankenstein
Le crime de Monsieur Lange
Ruggles of Red Gap
The Scoundrel
Sylvia Scarlett
The 39 Steps

1936

The Devil Doll
Fury
Modern Times
The Only Son
The Prisoner of Shark Island
Rose Hobart
Slussakkord (Final Accord)
Show Boat

1937

La grande illusion
The Great Garrick
Make Way for Tomorrow
Les perles de la couronne
You Only Live Once

1938

Alexander Nevsky
La bête humaine
The Childhood of Maxim Gorky
The Lady Vanishes
Olympia
You and Me

1939

L'espoir
Love Affair
Only Angels Have Wings
La règle du jeu
Story of Late Chrysanthemums
The Wizard of Oz
1940s~104 films

This page is no longer available on the legacy site. Key titles from the Top 100 include: Citizen Kane, The Magnificent Ambersons, Day of Wrath, Heaven Can Wait, The Seventh Victim, Ivan the Terrible 1+2, The Best Years of Our Lives, Monsieur Verdoux, Spring in a Small Town. Full list at jonathanrosenbaum.net.

1950s~160 films

This page is no longer available on the legacy site. Key titles from the Top 100 include: Stars in My Crown, The Steel Helmet, The Big Sky, Othello, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, The Naked Spur, The Sun Shines Bright, Johnny Guitar, Rear Window, The Saga of Anatahan, Sansho the Bailiff, Track of the Cat, Ordet, Guys and Dolls, The Killing, A Man Escaped, India, Rio Bravo, The Tiger of Eschnapur / The Indian Tomb. Full list at jonathanrosenbaum.net.

1960s132 films

1960

The Bellboy
Bells Are Ringing
Les bonnes femmes
The Cloud-Capped Star
Devi
Elmer Gantry
The False Student
Let's Make Love
Psycho
The Savage Innocents
Shadows
Spartacus
The 1,000 Eyes of Dr. Mabuse
Tirez sur la pianiste
Wild River
The Young One
Zazie dans le métro

1961

Accatone
Chronicle of a Summer
Cleo from 5 to 7
The Exiles
The Hustler
The Ladies' Man
Last Year at Marienbad
Lola
Paris nous appartient
Viridiana
A Wife Confesses

1962

An Actor's Revenge
Confessions of an Opium Eater
Eclipse
The Exterminating Angel
The House is Black
The Manchurian Candidate
The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance
Le rendez-vous de minuit
Too Late Blues

1963

About Something Else
Adieu Philippine
Contempt
The Leopard
Méditerranée
Muriel
The Nutty Professor
La ricotta
Shock Corridor
The Trial

1964

Band of Outsiders
The Battle of Culloden
Before the Revolution
Black God, White Devil
The Disorderly Orderly
Gertrud
A Hard Day's Night
I Am Cuba
La jetée
The Married Woman
Noviciat
La peau douce
Point of Order!
Red Desert
Shadows of Our Forgotten Ancestors
Zulu

1965

Alphaville
Brick and Mirror
The Enchanted Desna
Masculine Feminine
Not Reconciled
Red Line 7000
Report
Vinyl

1966

Andrei Rublev
Au Hasard Balthazar
Black Girl
Daisies
Hawks and Sparrows
Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome
Lord Love a Duck
Made in USA
Oedipus Rex
Persona
Red Angel
Two or Three Things I Know about Her
The War Game
What's Up, Tiger Lily?

1967

Anticipation
Belle de jour
Bonnie and Clyde
China Is Near
La chinoise
David Holzman's Diary
Le horla
Love Affair
Mouchette
Playtime
Point Blank
La prise de pouvoir de Louis XIV
Privilege
The Red and the White
The Shooting
Wavelength
Weekend
The Young Girls of Rochefort

1968

The Bridegroom, the Comedienne, and the Pimp
Death by Hanging
Faces
Je t'aime, je t'aime
The Party
Petulia
The Plot against Harry
Rosemary's Baby
Sayat Nova
The 17th Parallel
Stolen Kisses
Targets
Teorema
2001: A Space Odyssey

1969

L'amour fou
Back and Forth
The Bed Sitting Room
Boy
La femme infidèle
Fuck (Blue Movie)
The Grandmother
Ice
Katzelmacher
Ma nuit chez Maud
Mister Freedom
A Time for Dying
Tom Tom the Piper's Son
The Wild Bunch
1970s~127 films

This page is no longer available on the legacy site. Key titles from the Top 100 include: La Région Centrale, Avanti, Out 1: Spectre, F for Fake, Parade, Céline and Julie Go Boating, Barry Lyndon, Providence, Doomed Love, Perceval le Gallois, Stalker. Full list at jonathanrosenbaum.net.

1980s130 films

1980

Atlantic City
The Big Red One
Gloria
Grown-ups
The Little Richard Story
Melvin and Howard
La mémoire courte
Metaphor
Mon oncle d'Amérique
Out of the Blue
The Shining

1981

Charmed Particles
Cutter's Way
Hardly Working
History of the World, Part I
Modern Romance
Orderly or Disorderly
Pennies from Heaven
Le toit de la baleine
Too Early, Too Late
Two Portraits
The Vulture
White Dog

1982

Blade Runner
Une chambre en ville
En rachachant
Field Diary
One Man's War
Scénario du film «Passion»
You Are Not I

1983

Adynata
Ananas
Les années 80
L'argent
Cracking Up
Fellow Citizen
The Gold Diggers
Hammett
It's a Good Life
The King of Comedy
My Brother's Wedding
Sans soleil
Sylvia: Un portrait de Parvameh Navar
Son's Big Doll
The State of Things
The Unknown Chaplin
Videodrome

1984

Almanac of the Fall
Barres
Broadway Danny Rose
Choose Me
The Day the Sun Turned Cold
The Funeral
Love Streams
Mutable Fire
1984
Stranger Than Paradise
Swing Shift

1985

Day of the Dead
The Horse Thief
Manuel on the Island of Wonders
The Man Who Envied Women
Mix-Up
Next of Kin
Passionless Moments
Shoah
Taipei Story
The Time to Live and the Time to Die
Vagabond

1986

Bad Blood
Down By Law
Joan Does Dynasty
Mélo
Mémoire des apparences
The Mexican Tapes
The Peddler
Routine Pleasures
Sherman's March
Sleepwalk
Tampopo

1987

Candy Mountain
La chouette aveugle
Damnation
From the Pole to the Equator
Full Metal Jacket
Housekeeping
House of Games
Ishtar
Landscape Suicide
The Last Emperor
Mammame
The Silent Majority
Tough Guys Don't Dance
Universal Hotel / Universal Citizen
Walker
A Western
Where Is the Friend's House?
Yeelen

1988

Bird
Black Sun
Camp Thiaroye
Decalogue
Distant Voices, Still Lives
Essai d'ouverture
Golub
Hairspray
High Hopes
King Lear
Puissance de la parole
A Tale of the Wind
Talking to Strangers
Trois places pour le 26
Who Framed Roger Rabbit

1989

The Adventures of Baron Munchausen
The Asthenic Syndrome
Cézanne
Chameleon Street
City of Sadness
The Deadman
Do the Right Thing
Enemies, A Love Story
Forevermore: Biography of a Leach Lord
The Iceman Cometh
Images of the World and the Inscription of War
Marriage of the Blessed
Mr. Hoover and I
Rembrandt Laughing
A Spy in the House That Ruth Built
Sweetie
1990s117 films

1990

Archangel
Close-up
The Confession
Days of Being Wild
Homework
How to Live in the Federal Republic of Germany
The Machine that Killed Bad People
Mr. and Mrs. Bridge
No or the Vainglory of the Command
Nouvelle vague
One Hour
Texasville
To Sleep with Anger
White Hunter Black Heart

1991

Actress
Les amants du Pont Neuf
La belle noiseuse
A Brighter Summer Day
La cabale des oursins
Defending Your Life
Hangin' with the Homeboys
My Own Private Idaho
Night and Day
Rhapsody in August

1992

Basic Instinct
Bram Stoker's Dracula
Careful
Close My Eyes
Deep Cover
The Famine Within
Guelwaar
The Hours and Times
Life and Nothing More
The Long Day Closes
Naked Lunch

1993

Bitter Moon
The Blue Kite
Calendar
D'est
Groundhog Day
Highway Patrolman
Hyenas
I'll Do Anything
Latcho drom
Matinee
My Favorite Season
La naissance de l'amour
The Puppetmaster
Ruby in Paradise
The Scent of Green Papaya

1994

Ashes of Time
Chartres Series
Crumb
Dieu sait quoi
Exotica
Exterior Night
The Last Bolshevik
Red
Sátántangó
The Second Heimat
That's Entertainment! III

1995

Before Sunrise
Blush
Dead Man
From the Journals of Jean Seberg
Good Men Good Women
A Great Day in Harlem
Haut bas fragile
Safe
Salaam Cinema
The Son of Gascogne
Underground
When It Rains

1996

The Ceremony
Goodbye South Goodbye
Improvisation
Irma Vep
Mahjong
Oriental Elegy
Suicide
Thieves
Whispering Pages

1997

The Apostle
Blue Moon
Comrades Almost a Love Story
Destiny
Fast, Cheap & Out of Control
Happy Together
Jazz '34
Love and Death on Long Island
The River
The Second Civil War
Taste of Cherry
Yours

1998

Alone Love Wastes Andy Hardy
Bulworth
Circle's Short Circuit
Divorce Iranian Style
Histoire(s) du cinéma
Inquiétude
Khroustalev, My Car!
New Rose Hotel
The Newton Boys
The Thin Red Line
West Beirut

1999

The Apple
Beau travail
Besieged
Eyes Wide Shut
Ghost Dog
I Stand Alone
Kikujiro
Lovers of the Arctic Circle
Mr. Zhao
Public Housing
Rosetta
Rushmore
6ixtynin9
The Wind Will Carry Us
2000–200341 films

2000

The Child and the Soldier
Chunhyang
The Day I Became a Woman
George Washington
Les glaneurs et la glaneuse
Hamlet
The Heart of the World
The Hole
In the Mood for Love
Mysterious Object at Noon
Platform
Yi Yi

2001

A.I. Artificial Intelligence
The Circle
I'm Going Home
The Mad Songs of Fernanda Hussein
Mulholland Drive
My Voyage to Italy
Operai, contadini
Où gît votre sourire enfoui?
Pistol Opera
Waking Life
What Time Is It There?

2002

The Cat's Meow
Corpus Callosum
Femme Fatale
Russian Ark
Spider
Springtime in a Small Town
Sweet Sixteen
Tangos volés
The Tracker
25th Hour
Y tu mamá también

2003

Crimson Gold
Down with Love
Elephant
Go Further
Goodbye, Dragon Inn
Los Angeles Plays Itself
The Same River Twice
Rosenbaum-1000-Essential-Films.txt

Jonathan Rosenbaum's 1000 Essential Films

From Essential Cinema (2004) · Full decade catalogue coming soon

Top 100 — Curated Selection

1Le Tunnel sous la MancheMéliès
2Les VampiresFeuillade
3Tih MinhFeuillade
4Foolish WivesStroheim
5GreedStroheim
6SunriseMurnau
7MLang
8City LightsChaplin
9La Règle du JeuRenoir
10Citizen KaneWelles
90 more in the full list above